A Deontological Perspective in Martin Luther King

Martin Luther King, Jr. specified in his â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† that war, racism and economic injustice are all intertwined and can be dealt with through the restructuring of society’s priorities and through addressing the necessity of a revolution of values (178). Such a perspective is based upon the assumption that oppression and unfair treatment of individuals is not morally valid nor is it morally permissible most especially if the basis of such is the individual’s ethnicity or race. Such a perspective can be traced to the deontological philosophy of Immanuel Kant. As the Kantians believed, each person has a capacity for rational deliberation and choice and as such, an autonomous being with dignity and therefore, ought to be respected by virtue of being human persons. The evolution of King’s ideological perspective may therefore be construed in such way that it is a product, both of his experiences as an African American living in a white-dominated society and his philosophical and political development and this may be inferred from Fairclough’s book, Martin Luther King, Jr. King’s speeches very clearly communicate his views. In one of his speeches, King states that the â€Å"unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality†¦.I have the audacity to believe that peoples everywhere can have three meals a day for their bodies, education and culture for their minds, and dignity, equality, and freedom for their spirits† (as cited by Carson 23). The necessity of such a belief is based upon his conviction that justice must necessarily prevail within any society since â€Å"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere† (King 178). Such a perspective thereby mirrors a deontological perspective that recognizes the upholding conditions of equality and liberty based upon the existence of universal laws that govern man’s dealings with one another. Works Cited Carson, C.   A Call to Conscience: The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.   U.S.A.: Warner Books, 2002. Fairclough, A.   Martin Luther King, Jr. Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1995. King Jr., M.L. â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail.†Ã‚   Liberating Faith: Religious Voices for Justice.   Ed. Roger Gottlieb.   London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.

Poverty and the Distribution of income during the Reagan years Research Paper

Poverty and the Distribution of income during the Reagan years - Research Paper Example Name of the Student Name of the Professor Course No. Date Poverty and the Distribution of Income during the Reagan Years I. Introduction United States had a Republican form of administration from 1981 to 1989. The administration was under the 40th president of United States named Ronald Reagan. This essay tries to focus on the level of poverty and income distribution in the Reagan years in United States. The pattern of governance under Reagan in U.S. was in favor of reducing the state owned programs. Ronald Reagan has announced the highest across board tax redemptions in American history. The different economic policies that were introduced by the president were mainly examples of supply side economics; they were often termed as ‘Reaganomics’. 1 The concept of what is now known as Privatization was first introduced by Reagan; he always encouraged the private spending by limiting the growth of state expenditures. Reagan successfully won re-election in U.S. by taking activ e measures to reduce inflation and extra regulations imposed by the government. However it was a noticeable fact that the fiscal debt was successfully incrementing during this period of economic history. II. Poverty and Income Distribution in the Reagan Period The epoch of Reagan governance in U.S. was often termed as the ‘Reagan Revolution’ as the economy both in and beyond U.S. was significantly influenced by the faith that the ruling president had in laissez-faire economy. 2 It has always been a subject of study for economists and analysts concerning the extent of inequality and income distribution in U.S. It is analyzed that after a long period of equitable income distribution, income equality started to fall in most of the English speaking nations from 1970 onwards mainly in the U.S. It was found that in the Reagan era the gap between rich and low income classes started to increase.3 This is because Reagan paved a way for almost a ‘U’ turn in U.S. econ omy. The nation started to invest primarily in speculation purposes by increasing its offshore stash.4 The country also started to outsource its factor services like labor required for productive purposes. The following was done in order to get sources at lower cost. U.S. governance during this period supported growth of business and industry at the cost of abating the organized labor power of the economy.5 Reaganomics made the country to spend less in welfare purposes, led to reduced corporate taxes and reduced spending on military services.6 It was believed by Krugman that the tax cuts made by the government during this period increased the costs of the lower 60% population and gave profit to the upper 40% income group.7 It was found during this period that the mean wage of the common households in U.S during this period was approximately $2000 while the average wage of the steelworkers was almost close to $4000.8 Rather the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation has abolished the allowances of unilateral transfer payments to the old section of the society. The labor unions were made almost powerless under the extreme rules and regulations of the government. Thus the U.S. economy was subjected to high income inequality during this era. The table given below depicts the level of income inequality in U.S. from the years 1967 to

Information power inside an organization Research Proposal

Information power inside an organization - Research Proposal Example The aim of this research work is to study and identify the fundamentals of information power that exist within an organization in association with organizational behavior. Additionally the role played by information power in decision making shall also be discussed. Power distance supports the concept of inequality on physical and intellectual basis within an organization. Women in Canada are able to seek career promotions because over there people are more concerned about individualism as opposed to India where women have comparatively less chances of promotions due to power distance and lack of individualism (Aruna Chandra, 2002). First of all I shall be discussing the main aims and objectives of the research work along with the basic definitions of the terminologies. Then there would be a detailed literature review related to the topic. Subsequently I will mention the conceptual framework, research methodology and finally the findings followed by a brief and comprehensive conclusion. The author has critically analyzed the business activities in India and subsequently its comparison is built with US and Canada. This book will be helpful for me so as to define power distance with respect to Indian and Canadian organization. This research article has discussed the role of information in relation to power exercised over the employees in Finish Food Industry. The relationship between buyer and seller is greatly influenced by the information power and therefore it must be handled carefully. I shall be doing the primary research which includes collection of related data, facts and figures. It would be an online data collection process. Research articles from well-known and authentic websites shall be used. Additionally some of the renowned books published on the subject shall also be considered. Deadline for submission is 9th April, 2013. Therefore the

The weakness of using Fackbook and Twitter for consumer engagement Essay

The weakness of using Fackbook and Twitter for consumer engagement with the firm - Essay Example The other extra duties of this individual or individuals include monitoring as well as responding to questions and comments robbing marketing department off necessary hands on personnel in keeping the company afloat (Hu, 2011). This is especially a problem for small companies or start-ups with limited resources. In this sense, social media presents a weakness in increasing a firm’s running overheads without necessary guarantee for increased revenue. Facebook and Twitter may pose a weakness in a firm’s engagement with its customers due to having a wrong strategy for online branding (Kuzgun, 2013). This could put the firm at a viral social disadvantage and could even end up damaging the firm’s reputation. Few people will most probably notice mistakes made offline, but when the mistakes regarding a firm’s portrayal are made online, they are immediately noted by many and spread over the net. This is aggravated by the fact that bad news or negativity on Facebook and Twitter trends faster than good news for gossip is considered juicy while normal news is boring. The online interactive media like any other Information Technology field is highly prone to threats of hacking or malicious compromise of content (Thomases, 2010). The hackers may be out to malign the firm and jeopardize its online marketing efforts through posting false tweets. There has been evidence and news of hackings into Facebook and Twitter accounts of established and renowned companies sending the message across the business world that really no firm is invisible. This loophole mat cost the firm its reputation negating the intentions to use social media in the first place. Social marketing is also seen as somewhat intrusive. Some ardent members on Facebook and Twitter feel that advertisement placement through collection of member information from these sites is intruding on their privacy and that confidentiality is compromised. This causes marketing efforts to be met

America's Post-Civil War Growing Pains Research Paper - 2

America's Post-Civil War Growing Pains - Research Paper Example irm understanding of the ways in which reconstruction affected the United States much necessarily break down into highly specialized examinations of key groups and individual changes as any broad judgments make the risk of glossing over the ways in which minor details worked together to create major differentials. As a function of this, this brief analysis will seek to answer the following 5 key questions with relation to reconstruction: identification and discussion of two major historical turning points during the Reconstruction period, the impact of these two major historical turning points on society, economy, culture, and politics, discussion of two ways the Reconstruction period may have been different had Lincoln lived, discussion of how industrialization and urbanization affected the life of the average working American, and two examples of how the federal and/or state courts and legislatures handed down decisions or passed laws during the period that served to discriminate a gainst non-white citizens and immigrants (Nilsson 2012). With reference to the first question, the two major historical turning points during the period under the Reconstruction can definitively be those of the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad and the dawn of the industrial period ushered in by the Gilded Age (Bentrix 2007). Both of these factors helped to represent newfound opportunities for a host of disenfranchised and downtrodden individuals who had seen the hope of a better life all but implode as a result of the Civil War. With respect to the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad, this enabled poorer families from back East to risk it all and move West in hopes of building a better life. In this way, the availability of the frontier was again able to absorb much of the historical difficulties that the American people had experienced. Secondly, the dawn of the industrial age helped to give a host of out of work farmers and others individuals well paying jobs

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 6

International Business - Essay Example These basic characteristics of Hong Kong assist the investors to invest more in the regional and global markets. Global reports state that Hong Kong continues to be the Asia’s second and world’s third major recipient of ‘Foreign Direct Investment’ (FDI). Furthermore, in accordance with the report presented by the World Bank, it can be ascertained that Hong Kong is considered to have bagged the second position associated with ease in conducting business within the region. Hong Kong government has implemented advanced measures in endorsing a market that entails policy related to minimum government interference. In Hong Kong, foreign investments are readily welcome and there exists no law for protecting the local business against the international competitors. Another advantage which Hong Kong enjoys is its location in central Asia from where all the key markets are at a distance of merely four hours by air (PwC, 2012). This report intends to discuss the strat egic operational facets related to a major British international retailer, which wants to expand its business in one of the Asian Dragon’s i.e. Hong Kong. It provides an insight about the implications of political, cultural, economic and ethical risks associated with the foreign business. Identification along with evaluation of the opportunities frames a vital part of the study with the inclusion of appropriate examples. Furthermore, it will provide findings and recommendations related to the market entry strategy required for the international retailer to enter the Hong Kong market. The key aim of the report would be to reveal the attractiveness of Hong Kong in terms of potential return on investment. Based on the analysis, the feasibility of the nation would be determined and accordingly recommendation would be placed to the management of the retailer whether it can invest or not. Critical Analysis of: Political Risk Political factors of any region frame an important consti tuent for new business setup. It frames the bases of the policies and regulations that are needed to be adhered by the new business setup for growth and continuation of trade. For any foreign investors, it becomes necessary for them to acquire a vivid understanding about the political conditions prevailing within that particular region. If a particular region enjoys favourable political relationships, it initiates stable business environment and facilitates to accelerate the international collaboration in many of the areas. Furthermore, stability in political conditions further increases the foreign business opportunities by lowering the risk factors. Considering Hong Kong with regard to the political condition, ‘The HK Special Administrative Region (SAR)’ was basically headed by Donald Tsang, whose tenure of being the Chief Executive ended up in the year 2012. Furthermore, Hong Kong is considered to be a free and an open society, where the courts are free to take indep endent decisions, human rights are greatly respected, stable law is abided by the citizens and they are empowered with the ability of changing their government. The various political parties being prevalent within the

Recording, Analysing & Using HR Information Essay Example for Free

Recording, Analysing Using HR Information Essay This document will review the organisation’s approach to collecting, storing and using HR data. It will cover why the organisation needs to collect HR data, the different types of data that is collected and how it is beneficial to HR, different storing methods and their benefit and UK legislation relating to the recording, storage and access to HR data. HR data contains highly sensitive information such as salary, pension information, grievances, and basic personnel information (name, address, and telephone details). A fine can be enforced up to ? 500. 000 in an organisation is found to have breached data protection. Data Management: There are many different reasons why an organisation needs to collect HR data from ensuring legal requirements are meet, to provide relevant information in decision making and planning, health and safety, protection from claims, working time directive. If used correctly it can serve as a very useful management tool. Holding recruitment new starter paperwork that contains a national insurance number and passport picture is essential to proving someone is eligible to work in the UK, without proof of eligibility the organisation can face a fine. Inductions record when an employee has been through the necessary requirements to do their role such as a health and safety course, and manual handling. This can protect the organisation if a claim was to rise with regards to injury or illness. If an employee raises a grievance as they have reached an unacceptable level of sickness. We can use the data held on our systems with regard to absences to prove when they have been in work and for how long, if we keep meeting notes we can also prove how we evaluated the situation and the action that was taken which can be used if it went to a tribunal, or if HR was looking at process management. The Inland Revenue can request data at any point from mileage, expenses, salary, national insurance, therefore it is essential we keep records such as P60, payslips, expense reports so this data can be crossed checked and proof that we have paid an employee correctly. Data Storage: From the moment an application is received to the moment an employee receives their P45 an organisation holds data. We call this the ‘Life Cycle of and Employee. ’ There are two methods in which we store data: Manual Records: This can be filing cabinets and folders held within storage cupboards. His is kept mainly as a backup should electronic systems fail or where original documents must be retained as a legal requirement such as a maternity MATB1 form. The benefits of this are the data is easily accessible and will not be prone to any electrical power failures or computerised scams which corrupt data. However there is the risk of keys being lost or data being seen by unauthorised personnel if it is not put away correctly. To prevent such occurrence a clear desk policy could be implemented. Systems: This can be excel spreadsheets that hold reports and link to other systems such as SAP, which is where we hold employee information such as address, salary, pension, hours worked, absences. The benefits of this method means you do not have to search numerous files as the data is held in one place, which is useful if an employee data request is received. As a sustainable organisation it benefits the environment as we don’t use paper. Documents are easily maintained and can be moved to different servers or USB devices for storage.